Child Abuse and Neglect :: Violence Against Children

Kid misuse is characterized by the U.S. Division of Health and Human Services as being, Any ongoing demonstration or inability to follow up on the piece of a parent or overseer which brings about death, genuine physical or enthusiastic damage, sexual maltreatment or misuse; or A demonstration or inability to act which presents an inevitable danger of genuine harm.(Definitions of Child Abuse and Neglect 2015). Youngster misuse is a developing social issue which brings about the demise of around 2,000 kids yearly. In only one day five kids will bite the dust from misuse or disregard. Actually at regular intervals another kid is manhandled in the United States. The way that such a large number of youngsters are being manhandled and might be slaughtered by this maltreatment is critical, however it is additionally imperative to understand that there are inconvenient impacts that the maltreatment may have on a kid ten or after twelve years. The maltreatment that a kid supports may influenc e individuals in totally different manners, however kid misuse has never and will never positively affect a kid further down the road. A youngster that goes untreated for having been manhandled has an improved probability of capture for a vicious wrongdoing than that of everyone by thirty eight percent. Youngsters that have been manhandled have been found to have a more noteworthy possibility of misconduct and an existence of wrongdoing. Casualties of kid misuse have been demonstrated to be more in danger than individuals of everybody for adverse individual and get-togethers sometime down the road. Since there are such a large number of adverse impacts that youngster misuse has on individuals further down the road, there must be ways for individuals to talk about their issues and have others' recommendation who have encountered comparable maltreatment in their life. One manner by which individuals may feel great talking about their past maltreatment is on-line on the World Wide Web. They can expound on their encounters and get criticism from individuals with comparable issues. Individuals recount to their own accounts of the maltreatment that they continued as kids and the negative impacts that it has had on their life as grown-ups. A large number of the tales talk about manners by which a kid misuse, for example, sexual maltreatment, has influenced their lives as grown-ups in their associations with individuals of the other gender. Anybody can jump on-line and recount to their biography of misuse whether it be sexual, physical, or mental.

Forensic Toxicology and Drug Analysis †Free Samples to Students

Question: Talk about the Forensic Toxicology and Drug Analysis. Answer: Presentation: SPE test arrangement approach is generally used in the control of measurable toxicology and medication examination and adequately overrides other ordinary inspecting strategies (counting fluid extraction)(1). SPE strategy keeps on profiting the examination investigation because of its decreased cost, restricted blunder sources, diminished methodology steps and activity time and use of littler measure of dissolvable. SPE mediation adequately uses the proof based methodologies including tidy up, cleaning, fixation and detachment in a flexible way for recovering the alluring outcomes(1). The continued improvement of fixed stages with proper sections is the fundamental reason for the determination of SPE strategy over LLE (fluid extraction) intervention(2). SPE intercession is relatively a quicker technique that encourages the orderly following of various medications that stayed unexplored by the ordinary LLE modality(2). Proof based research writing uncovers the raised capability of d-S PE (dispersive strong stage extraction) process regarding assessing the presence of 13 cytostatic medicates through pee inspecting. The high affectability of SPE mediation as far as following the medication follows with the least measurement limit makes this methodology as a favored symptomatic methodology requiring sending in attempted legal medication analysis(3). The investigation by(4) demonstrates the raised effectiveness of SSE strategy (in contrast with the routine LLE approach) in assessing the example of urinary morphine. The exploration mediation by (5)indicates the viability of LC-MS/MS (fluid chromatography couple mass spectrometry) and strong stage extraction intercessions regarding accomplishing delicate, exact, precise and fast goals of different medications metabolites in the human pee. Proof based investigation by(6) judiciously shows the capability of associative usage of SPE and slim electrophoresis modalities as far as assessing the example of medication maltreat ment through pee test examination of the medication abusers. The examination by (7)reveals the pertinence of SPE technique in term of methodicallly recouping diuretics at a better return. Be that as it may, the explicitness of this mediation depends on the determination of network, pre-enacted sections and pee test structure. This examination intercession deliberately investigated the particularity and affectability of SPE mediation (when contrasted with LLE methodology) in distinguishing the example of medication follows in human pee tests. The stock arrangement was performed with the orderly use of the accompanying fixings. 100ul of 100ug/mL morphine 3-glucuronide (calibrator stock arrangement) 100ul of 100ug/mL morphine 6-glucuronide (calibratorstock arrangement) 100ul of 100ug/ml morphine (calibrator stock arrangement) The previously mentioned fixings were sequentially fused in a screw top test container (of 10ml limit and plastic design). In this way, the volume setup of 10ml was obtained with the expansion of methanol. The lab expert supplanted the tip of micropipette while reaching it to various arrangements with the target of lessening the extent of tainting. The cylinder reversal was inevitably embraced a few times with the target of determining satisfactory blending of the alluring arrangement. The pee test of 500ul was set up in a 10mL test tube (10ml-plastic screw top sort) with the use of a micropipette. The accompanying fixings were along these lines included the test tube as per the research facility shows. Inner norm (100uL) [i.e. 1ug.ml morphine-d3 in HCl] 1N HCl (1ml) Methanol (10uL) The previously mentioned fixings were consecutively spun and vortexed for a span of one moment. The substitution of the micropipette tips was performed during the precise arrangement of the answers for diminishing the extent of tainting. The newly named plastic screw top (10ml test tube) was used for holding the clear urinefollowing its efficient exchange through micropipette (50ul). The accompanying fixings were accordingly joined in a similar test tube before its 1-min spinning process. mlmorphine-d3 in HCl (100ul inner norm) 1N HCl (1ml) Stock readiness (10uL) The lab professional supplanted the micropipette tip while setting up every answer for staying away from sullying. Both designed test tubes were inevitably centrifuged at a speed of 3000rpm, for span of 5 minutes and at 4c temperature. The vacuum complex rack was used for setting both screw top plastic test tubes (10ml each) with the goal of gathering the waste. The waste cylinders arranged the ground for setting the taps required for focusing the example readiness extraction cartridges. The accompanying cartridges were deliberately used during the procedure of strong stage extraction. MCX3cc cartridge, OASIS Waters company, Milford, Massachusetts USA 1-ml methanol and 0.1N HCl were in this manner used for washing the cartridges. The washing procedure was embraced for diminishing the extent of dryness of the cartridges. The tap was in the long run shut while leaving negligible volume of fluid. The expansion of the pee test to the main cartridge was performed in the wake of undertaking the procedure of centrifugation. The pee test was ingrained in a way to leave a limited quantity of the equivalent in the cartridge. The example of clear pee and stock was then joined in the subsequent cartridge while reproducing a similar procedure. The micropipette was then used for consolidating 0.1N HCl (2ml wash) in cartridges. The example was again run in a way for leaving insignificant volume with regards to decreasing the extent of cartridge dryness. The whole waste was disposed of subsequent to gathering the equivalent in test tubes (10ml each). A vacuum complex was used for drying the examples at 10mm Hg pressure. The vacuum complex taps st ayed open for 2 minutes during test drying. The consistency of weight was seen during the whole length of the drying time. In this way, the two segments were fused with 2ml of 5% ammonium hydroxide (menthol base) after the way toward drying. The glass test tubes neglected to alter with the vacuum complex and in this way, plastic test tubes (10ml) were used for the inevitable running of elute. Post Laboratory Findings The research center investigation uncovered that the more vulnerable dissolvable went through the cylinder affected by analyte and the more grounded dissolvable made due in the cylinder for a more extended term (as clear with the raised maintenance time top). The initial two pee tests at first showed rise in the analyte top tallness and region. Be that as it may, the third example showed diminished pinnacle stature during the underlying stage followed by an unexpected rise in the analyte top tallness and zone. As needs be, the analyte maintenance time in the underlying two examples wascomparatively not exactly the analyte maintenance time in the third pee test. The analyte top zone and pinnacle tallness in the primary clear pee test were recorded as the most elevated in contrast with the other two clear pee tests. Thus, the analyte maintenance time in the underlying clear pee test was seen as less in contrast with the analyte maintenance time in other two pee tests. The IS top zones and statures in the three examples displayed a similar example of variety in contrast with the normalized benchmarks. Be that as it may, the IS maintenance time seemed reliable as per the normalized benchmarks in all the three examples. The rise in analyte top statures in the examples shows their raised immaculateness values(8). The upgrade of analyte top regions in the examples under the base impact of framework impacts shows the high affectability of SPE intercession in following the medication follows in the assessed pee samples(9). The example of consistency in the analytes maintenance times in the three examples showed the capability of SPE intercession as far as distinguishing little convergences of different medications particles under standard conditions(10). End The introduced research center intercession endeavored to investigate the capability of SPE methodology as far as distinguishing the amount of medication follows in three examples of human pee. The recorded variety in the analyte top region/tallness/maintenance time and IS top territory/stature/maintenance time evidentially demonstrate the raised liking of SPE strategy for the medications of maltreatment in the framework of human pee. This certifies the high exactness of SPE approach (in contrast with LLE mediation) regarding recognizing the medications of intertest in human pee tests with the efficient use of blended mode cartridges. The deliberate taking care of procedure and exact results make the SPE methodology as a favored research center mediation requiring organization for assessing the example of medication maltreatment during scientific examination. References tles S, Kartal C. Strong Phase Extraction (SPE): Principles and Applications in Food Samples. Acta Scientiarum Polonorum Technologia Alimentaria. 2016; 15(1): p. 5-15. Juhascik MP, Jenkins AJ. Examination of fluid/fluid and strong stage extraction for antacid medications. Diary of Chromatographic Science. 2009; 47(4): p. 553-557. Fabrizi G, Fioretti M, Mainero RL. Biomedical Chromatography. Dispersive strong stage extraction methodology coupled to UPLC-ESI-MS/MS investigation for the concurrent assurance of thirteen cytotoxic medications in human pee. 2016; 30(8): p. 1297-1308. Ahadi A, Partoazar An, Abedi-Khorasgani MH, Shetab-Boushehrid SV. Examination of fluid extraction-flimsy layer chromatography with strong stage extraction-elite meager layer chromatography in location of urinary morphine. The Journal of Biomedical Research. 2011; 25(5): p. 362-367. Chimalakonda KC, Moran CL, Kennedy PD,

Business Majors that Will Earn You a Good Salary

Business Majors that Will Earn You a Good Salary © Shutterstock.com | pathdocAsk a business major for reasons for choosing to have a business degree, or to pave a career in business, and you might get a variety of reasons.Ask a business graduate why she chose this path, and you are also likely going to get even more reasons, complete with elaborate explanations.In this guide, we answer 1) why you should study something business related and 2) the top 10 highest paying business majors.WHY STUDY BUSINESS?Business and its related degrees are sometimes collectively referred to as the “FAME” group, since they stand for Finance, Accounting, Management and Economics.Often, these fields of study are confused as being the same thing, for the simple reason that they are business courses. These courses also happen to be some of the degrees or majors with the highest demand all over the world, whether they are in the undergraduate or in graduate schools.Let us first try to gain an understanding of why a lot of people are studying business these days.There are more career options in business.Depending on the business major, there are certainly more career possibilities for someone holding a degree in business. Many are under the impression that business majors are only for those who want to start and run their own businesses. That is not the case.Take a look at the following list, which include some of the possible careers for a business degree major.Teacher / AcademicianManagement consultantMarketer / AdvertiserMarket ResearcherPersonnel ManagerRetail Manager and BuyerPublic Relations ManagerBank, Investment and Fund ManagerDistribution and Logistics ManagerAccountant / BookkeeperA business degree provides you with many transferable skills.The study of business is very broad, encompassing a wide area of learning and discipline. This will equip an individual with all the necessary knowledge about business operations, and even related areas. In addition to that, however, transferable skills may also be acquired when y ou study business.Transferable skills are what make an individual flexible and versatile, so that he will not be boxed in or be hampered by his limited knowledge. These transferable skills may also be applied in one’s personal life, not just his professional life.Examples of the transferable skills that one can learn while studying for a business degree include:Understanding of organizational structures, cultures and philosophiesAnalytical and critical thinkingCommunication skills, which includes oral, written, and presentation skillsDecision-making skillsProblem-solving skillsNumeracy skills, which often involve usage and interpretation of financial informationTime management skillsProject management skills A business degree holder has higher chances of rising up the ranks.Granted, a fresh graduate of business may find himself starting at the bottom, occupying an entry-level position in the organization.However, that may not last for long, since his transferable skills, which com e as part and parcel of his business degree, will make him qualified for promotion, so that he can advance and move up to managerial positions, all the way up to a seat in the top management.Business degree holders get paid more.When you have a business degree, salary expectations are bound to be high.Out of all these reasons, you are sure to encounter the last reason more than once or twice. Or several times. Students choose to study business because of the higher earnings potential that a career in business offers.TOP PAYING BUSINESS MAJORS OR DEGREESThe United States Bureau of Labor and Statistics conducted several studies and came up with the list of the ten highest paying business degrees today. They are bachelor or master degrees in:EntrepreneurshipE-CommerceMarketingFinanceHuman Resource ManagementEconomicsHealthcare ManagementGlobal BusinessBusiness AdministrationAccountingMany say that getting a business degree or majoring in business is a form of investment, with great exp ectations of high returns. Let us go over each of the business majors with the greatest potential of providing high returns.1. ENTREPRENEURSHIPCommon descriptionsBS/MS/MBA in EntrepreneurshipBS/MS/MBA in Management and EntrepreneurshipThis business degree focuses on the students gaining specialization in entrepreneurship, specifically in the various areas of running and overseeing the day to day operations of an organization. This focuses on the development of the student’s decision making skills and capabilities.The courses or subjects included in this business major include:General business courses: these include accounting, finance, global business, human resources, marketing, public relations, and sales.Capital managementGlobal businessProduct developmentPossible Careers or JobsEntrepreneur Those who study entrepreneurship do so with the view of starting or founding their own business someday.Chief Executive Officer (CEO) Graduates of this degree may also be aiming for the t op managerial position in the organization, which is the CEO. According to the BLS, the average annual salary of a CEO is $159,000, but that would mostly depend on the size of the organization. 2. E-COMMERCECommon descriptionsBS/MS/MBA in Internet MarketingBS/MS/MBA in Digital Marketing and AdvertisingThese days, the internet has grown to become a lucrative field in itself. E-commerce is now seen by businesses and organizations as a field where they can increase their competitive advantage and improve on profitability.The fact that technology, particularly the internet, is very innovative and evolves at a fast pace means businesses should keep up with it. That is why organizations are now creating positions meant for people to focus on the organization’s e-commerce aspect.Universities that offer this major aim to mold students into experts at e-commerce management, equipping them with extensive and intensive knowledge on electronic services, operations, and distribution.The course s and topics usually involved in this major are:General business coursesManagement information systems (MIS) and electronic systems (E-systems)Information systems (IS) and E-systems analysis and designAnalysis and design of decision support systemsDatabase managementInformation technologiesE-commerce project managementGlobal e-commerce policiesDatabase system management and designTelecommunications managementInternet technologies managementEconomic analysisPossible Careers or JobsE-commerce management specialists â€" This career makes the most of an individual’s knowledge and expertise in both business and information technology.Internet marketers â€" This job entails marketing of products or services online, or using digital technologies. This proves that even those with graphic design background are also adept when it comes to business.Internet applications designers â€" Graduates of e-commerce, especially those who excel in design and digital technology development, may also fi nd themselves employed as designers of internet applications used for business.MIS administrator or computer and IS manager â€" Their expertise in technology combined with their knowledge in business put them in the best position to oversee sensitive matters usch as data security and the like.These jobs have the potential to earn the e-commerce professional an average annual salary of $128,000.As of January 2016, the salary range of an e-commerce manager or e-commerce management specialist is $38,189 to $105,604, on top of other bonuses, commissions, and profit-sharing schemes.Someone with a degree in MIS can even earn as much as $56,000 annually in an entry-level position. As he rises up the ranks and gains more expertise and experience, his annual salary may go up to $95,000. It goes higher as the responsibility and position also rises. For example, the average annual salary of computer and IS managers amounts to $127,000.Learn about some E-Commerce trends[slideshare id=56993774do c=ecommercetrends2016bydivante-160113083908w=710h=400]3. MARKETINGCommon descriptionBS/MS/MBA in MarketingThis is probably one of the most recognizable business majors you would come across in many universities. This major focuses on turning students into marketing and promotion specialists, so they can become the major players when it comes to the organization and promotion of businesses, products, services, or brands.Marketing is often referred to as the lifeblood of businesses, which pretty much underscores the importance of the role played by individuals with solid marketing background and knowledge.It is through their efforts that businesses are better able to enhance its brand, maximize its investments and resources, and increase profitability. They are the ones with the ability for analysis, research and strategy development with respect to an organizations marketing.The courses often included in this major are:General business courses, such as finance, accounting and economi csPricing, branding and advertisingSales and distributionRetail managementMarketing research and strategyBusiness administrationPublic relationsConsumer and market behaviorStatisticsOrganizational managementBusiness law (including export and import concepts)Possible Careers or JobsMarketing specialists and managers â€" Organizations come up with marketing programs and campaigns, and at the helm of these programs are its capable marketing specialists and marketing managers.Marketing consultants â€" They may opt to provide third-party services as advisors and consultants, helping out businesses with their marketing campaigns.Advertisers â€" Marketing graduates will also find gainful employment in advertising, where the more creative individuals are given their time to shine.Market analysts and researchers â€" They are responsible for determining what the market wants, and how much they are willing to pay to get what they want. Market research requires in-depth attention, one that mark eting majors are equipped to perform.On average, a marketing manager earns close to $115,000 yearly, but they can actually even reach up to $127,000. Market researchers and analysts, on the other hand, may start receiving as much as $62,000 on the first year. 4. FINANCECommon descriptionsBS/MS/MBA in FinanceBS/MS/MBA in Financial ManagementFinance majors are known to be specialists when it comes to anything and everything related to a business’ or organization’s finances.Universities that offer this business degree are now broadening the reach of the major, introducing to students the concepts of international finance, aside from the usual (personal and corporate finance).The usual courses you will find under this degree are:General business coursesHuman resource managementBusiness LawProject managementCorporate finance and financial managementManagement information systemsSupply chain managementEntrepreneurship principlesDebt and money marketsPossible Careers or JobsFinancial a dvisors and consultants â€" They provide advisory and consultancy services on both personal and corporate finance, covering concerns such as debt management, retirement and insurance policies.Investment and fund managers â€" Finance majors are equipped with knowledge on how one can strengthen position on long term investment and maximize returns earned on investments.Financial or budget analysts and financial planners â€" These are some of the most common career paths taken by Finance majors. Their analysis and planning will aid management in making investment decisions.Yearly, the estimated average salary earned by those with a career in finance is almost $100,000. Personal financial advisors, for instance, are estimated to make as much as $82,000 per year. 5. HUMAN RESOURCE MANAGEMENTCommon descriptionBS/MS/MBA in Human Resource ManagementHuman resources are an integral component of business, which explains why this field of study also falls under the Business Degree category.The courses commonly taken up in this business major are:Leadership coursesGlobal leadershipGlobal businessHuman capital managementHuman resource management technologies and applicationsStrategic operations managementFinancial accountingOrganizational strategyPossible Careers or JobsHuman resource manager â€" Organizations have their own departments exclusively meant to handle human resource management issues, and the one heading that department is usually referred to as the Human Resource Manager. If you look at how much the top firms and businesses are paying their human resource managers, the average annual salary amounts to $96,000.Human resource specialist â€" These professionals provide advisory and consultancy services on human resources. The entry-level annual salary of a human resource specialist as of May 2015 is $63,710.Recruitment specialists â€" You will find some of them within organizations, or they can set up shop on their own, offering their headhunting and recruitment expertise. 6. ECONOMICSCommon descriptionBS/MS/MBA in EconomicsWe cannot speak of business without talk of economics coming up in the discussion. It goes without saying, then, that Economics is a staple when it comes to business majors and degree offerings.Economics majors are educated and trained to specialize in decision making in business in view of government policies, multinational issues and global relations. Looking at the list of courses that economics majors have to go through in order to earn this degree may be daunting. Just take a look at the list below:MicroeconomicsMacroeconomicsBusiness analysis using econometric methodsBusiness and economic forecastingIndustrial organizationBusiness and public policyTaxationLabor economics and relationsBusiness laws and regulationsInternational and global tradePossible Careers or JobsEconomists â€" They conduct research, formulate plans and fiscal policies, and prepare the required reports that will aid management and policy-makers i n decision making. Economists are known to be able to average almost $110,000 yearly.Market analysts â€" These professionals also play a vital role in marketing programs and branding campaigns, since their skills in research and analysis â€" with a macro- and a microeconomic approach â€" will definitely come in handy. If you choose this profession, expect to average $70,030 annually.Credit analysts â€" Decision-makers will definitely flock to credit analysts for their knowledge and expertise in evaluating credit risks. As of May 2015, a credit analyst may make $79,000 in a year.Investment analysts and bankers 7. HEALTHCARE MANAGEMENTCommon descriptionsBS/MS/MBA in HealthcareBS/MS/MBA in Health Care ManagementBS/MS/MBA in Health ManagementBS/MS/MBA in Health Care AdministrationWhen one hears the word “healthcare”, the most frequent assumption is that this is a degree that falls under the medical field. However, this is actually a business major.This degree is basically a speciali zation on healthcare management in the healthcare industry, which is one of the large emerging markets of late. Of course, most of the specialized courses in this degree are focused on healthcare. The courses are:General business coursesLeadership coursesHealth care policy, rules and regulationsHealth care economicsLaw on health careHealth care risk managementGlobal health care administration and managementHealth care informaticsPossible Careers or JobsHealthcare administrators and managers â€" Hospital administrators may also fall under this category. They may also be called “medical and health services managers. The mean annual wage for this occupation is $106,070. Hospital managers also fall under this category and, depending on the healthcare facility or hospital being managed, he or she may earn $114,180 in a year.Health care consultants â€" Even if they do not actively administer or manage a healthcare facility, their expertise or knowledge may still be sought by those that need them.Healthcare management majors may find employment in other business administration and management fields, but they will get the best opportunities (and salaries) if they choose to work in the health care industry. 8. GLOBAL BUSINESSCommon descriptionsBS/MS/MBA in International BusinessBS/MS/MBA in Global BusinessBS/MS/MBA in International Management and MarketingAs business has finally made its move on to the global stage, with many industries and markets crossing over to different parts of the globe, competitiveness is high. In response, universities are now offering students the option to major in a business degree that is focused on global business or international trade.International or multinational corporations, or businesses with a global reach, are more focused on looking for talents with the skill set appropriate for this broader application.To equip individuals for this challenge, the courses usually included in this major are:General business coursesGlobal bankin gGlobal capital and financial marketsGlobal outsourcing strategyMultinational business managementOperations for global entrepreneursGlobal and international monetary policiesPossible Careers or JobsGraduates of this business degree will find their skills and qualifications in demand, not only in international corporations and financial institutions, but also in government and regulatory agencies.Chief executive officersSenior managers â€" Top management will choose those with the proper education, training and background when choosing the people to assign to their executive management teams.Entrepreneurs â€" Those who want to own their businesses will do well to pursue a degree in Business Administration.Global business advisors and consultants â€" Since they have more knowledge of global business and international trade, they are seen as the better sources of advice and assistance, compared to those without background on global business.Except for when they reach the CEO position, the average annual salary of a degree holder in international or global business is close to $75,000. 9. BUSINESS ADMINISTRATION OR MANAGEMENTCommon descriptionBS/MS in Business AdministrationThis is probably one of the most recognizable when we speak of business majors or degrees. Some would probably even say that this is the most encompassing and fundamental of all business majors.Business administration graduates are expected to have learned and developed the ability to lead and run a business in a way that maximizes its resources and profits. They are also expected to be capable at research and analysis, exactly what one would expect from an all-around manager.The courses in this degree include:General business coursesBusiness strategyHuman resources managementMarketing managementManufacturing and productionLogistics managementOperations managementStatisticsTechnology and information systemsPossible Careers or JobsChief Executive OfficerSenior and executive managerGeneral operat ions manager â€" These are the ones responsible for supervising the daily operations of a business.Business analysts, advisors and consultants â€" They provide advice and instruction to individuals and businesses on how to manage their operations. Again, this would depend on a lot of factors, such as the nature of the industry or business, and the degree of involvement of the advisor or consultant in the project or program.10. ACCOUNTINGCommon descriptionsBS/MS/MBA in AccountingBS/MS/MBA in AccountancyAccounting is said to be the language of business. Therefore, it should come as no surprise that it will be mentioned when talk of business majors come up. It also happens to be one of the higher-paying business majors.One may immediately conclude that accounting majors need only learn about accounting. However, accounting is a broad knowledge that will also be impacted by other disciplines or fields of study. Therefore, accounting majors often find themselves encountering these course s:Managerial accountingFinancial accountingBusiness policiesInformation and financial systemsAuditingMacroeconomics and microeconomicsOperations managementMarketing managementApplied statisticsBusiness ethicsPossible Careers or JobsAccountant â€" Financial accountants are often hired by organizations for its accounting and bookkeeping functions. Or the accountant can set up his own firm, providing accounting and bookkeeping servicesAuditor â€" There are several independent audit firms providing independent audit services to other businesses, and it is in these firms where you will find auditors. Auditors and accountants are often referred to interchangeably. According to the BLS, the median wage for accountants after 2 to 3 years of employment is $66,000.Management accountant â€" Accountants are also great providers of management advisory services, aiding management in making major or capital decisions.Actuarial service providers â€" Since accounting majors are equipped when it come s to quantitative sciences, they are also in the best position to provide actuarial and mathematical services. An entry-level actuarial provider may earn $58,000 annually, reaching $119,000 per year after around 5 to 6 years.Financial analysts â€" Accountants are also poised better at making financial analyses.Tax analysts â€" It is also normal to find accounting graduates in tax agencies.Loan experts â€" Debt management will also benefit greatly from the knowledge and experience provided by graduates with an accounting background.Investment bankers â€" Accounting majors are also knowledgeable about making investment decisions, so do not be surprised when you see them working as investment specialists and even fund managers.The salary of accounting majors, depending on their jobs or the organization they are employed in, may range from $46,000 to $80,000 per year.

Keplers Laws and Planetary Movement Essay - 1399 Words

By the turn of the 1600s, the way in which the solar system and the universe as a whole was viewed began to change. With the controversial conclusions of Copernicus, scientists already began to adopt the idea of a heliocentric solar system. Further advancements in astronomy came about through the research of Tycho Brahe and his assistant Johannes Kepler. The three planetary laws developed by Kepler with the data gathered by Brahe shaped the way in which science viewed the structure and motion of the planets of the solar system in profound ways, lasting to this day. A Brief History of Johannes Kepler Johannes Kepler began his studies in astronomy as an assistant to the astronomer Tycho Brahe, whom, by his own right, was a formidable†¦show more content†¦However, with the advent of calculus and Newton tackling the problem, it was proven that this was in fact the case for all celestial bodies. Formal Statement of Kepler’s First Law: Planets move in elliptical orbits with the sun at one focus of the ellipse. The above illustration exaggerates the actual orbit of a planet; an actual orbit is more circular with the two foci of the ellipse close together in the center, but explains the basic concept. With an elliptical orbit, a planet would not maintain a constant distance from a sun. It would, in fact, be closer to the sun at one point in its period than in others. Kepler’s Second Law The idea that Kepler sought most in his dealings with astronomy was a theorem that would have the capacity to predict where a planetary body would be at a particular time. This, of course, would require the knowledge of the velocity of the body at any point in its orbit. The key to solving this problem is finding the relationship between the different velocities of a planet as it travels through its orbit. Kepler’s solution to this problem involved making several assumptions. 1) All planets are driven by a force emanating from their axis of rotation, in other words, the sun. Although we now know this force to be gravity, Kepler viewed it as a ray coming from the sun and acting of a planet as a paddle acts on a boat. 2) This force would decrease at a rate of the inverse of the radius fromShow MoreRelatedEssay on The Scientific Revolution1344 Words   |  6 Pagesconcept of divine design were Robert Boyle (1627 -1691), Johannes Kepler (1571-1630) and Sir Issac Newton (1642- 1727). Boyle’s Law demonstrated how the inverse relationship between pressure and volumes of gas is representative of the concept of cause and effect. Kepler’s First Law of Planetary Motion demonstrates how God designed the universe like a mechanism. Newton’s Law of Universal Gravitation shows how God designed the universe according to mathematical principles. 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Before his unfortunate demise at the dinner table of the emperor (Lets Go Europe, 2000), heRead MoreThe Structure of the Universe Essay2319 Words   |  10 Pagesassumption of the Sun as the centre of celestial orbits and also the idea that the Earth spun on its own axis whilst rotating about to sun. It was also strong in that it could predict planetary positioning based upon how long it took for each planet to circle the Sun once. In addition, the ap parent retrograde movement of the planets was explained while preserving the concept of perfect, uniform, circular motion of orbit. Despite these strengths, this model also possessed significant flaws. FirstlyRead MoreBasics of Astronomy Outline993 Words   |  4 PagesEarth blocks the Sunlight causing the Earth’s shadow to fall on the Moon. 2. A solar eclipse occurs when the moon blocks the sunlight causing the Moon’s shadow to fall on Earth. B. Astrology is the science of Astronomy; it is the study of movements and positions of the stars believed to have some influence on human activities. C. Scientific method and Astronomy 1. Scientific method is a way to ask and answer questions through observations and experiments. a. make an observation bRead MoreThe Death of Stars and Their Detection After the core of a star has depleted all its hydrogen in1500 Words   |  6 Pagesdeath. The process path of a dying star depends on its mass. Low mass stars, from about 0.4 up to 8 solar masses will evolve from a planetary nebula to a white dwarf. Stars with larger the 8 solar masses will form supernovae, than either a neutron star for intermediate stars (8-25 solar masses) or a black hole for high mass stars (greater than 25 solar masses). Planetary Nebulae: After a low mass star has gone through its second expansion and its core has fused from helium to carbon, and even someRead MorePreliminary Physics Assessment Task 1 Christos Toras â€Æ' MODELS OF THE UNIVERSE -1200 Words   |  5 Pageshad already published his own theory on planetary orbits which was based on geometry. When Brahe died Kepler inherited all of his findings which enabled him to develop his own model of the universe called the Copernican model. His model said that the planets moved not in circles around the sun, but in ellipses and the mathematics was proved using three laws: 1. The Law of ellipses, which means that each planet travels around the sun in an ellipses. 2. The Law of areas, which means that all planetsRead More Scientists Who Unlocked the Mysteries of the Universe Essay2798 Words   |  12 Pageswas the first scientist known to suggest that the earth revolves around the sun. Little is known of the childhood of Aristarchus, as well as his entire life. His only recorded works come from Archimedes and Plutarch, which discuss his ideas of the movement of all the planets in the solar system. Unfortunately, the lack in technological advances greatly affected his observations, making them inaccurate, especially his geometrical equations. The major contribution Aristarchus is known for is a more preciseRead MoreAstonomy3112 Words   |  13 PagesAstronomy #1) (A) Issac Newton’s Law of Universal Gravitation is: Two bodies attracted to each other with a force that is directly proportional to the product of their masses and inversely proportional to the square of the distance between them. This means that the further apart these two attracting bodies are from each other, the less the gravitational force between them is. The force of gravity depends on the product of the mass of the two attracting bodies. If the distance between the

The Is An Infectious Disease Carried By Mosquitos That...

Transgenic Fungi †¢ Malaria is an infectious disease carried by mosquitos that affects humans. †¢ Genetically engineered fungus with genes for anti-malarial antibodies from humans may be useful in combating the disease. †¢ Pesticides already in use are becoming ineffective. †¢ This method could also combat insect and tick-bug diseases. †¢ The researchers made this fungus by using an existing fungus that targets mosquitos and genetically modifying it to have genes for malarial antibodies. †¢ The antibody attacks the parasite which causes malaria. †¢ 3 separate groups of mosquitos which carried the parasite which caused malaria. One of the groups was sprayed with the fungus, another group sprayed with the wild type fungus and the last group weren’t altered. †¢ Only a quarter of the mosquitos sprayed with the transgenic fungus still carried the parasite, and there was a 95% drop in parasite numbers on the mosquitos that still carried the parasite. †¢ 87% of the mosquitos sprayed with the wild-type fungus still carried the parasite. †¢ 94% of the mosquitos from the group that wasn’t sprayed carried the parasite. †¢ 240 million people are infected with malaria through insects carrying parasites annualy. †¢ 850 000 people lose their lives to malaria every year. †¢ Mosquitos have become resistant to existing pesticides. SOURCE ANALYSIS Transgenic Fungi University of Maryland. (2011, February 26). Transgenic fungi may be able to combat malaria and other bug-borne diseases. ScienceDaily.Show MoreRelatedThe Epidemic Of West Nile Virus1420 Words   |  6 Pagesexotic mosquito-borne disease that has come to the contiguous United States in the last century. Outbreaks have proven extremely difficult to predict and control and have been associated with considerable morbidity. The large outbreak in 2012, which caught many by surprise, indicates that West Nile virus will remain a formidable public health challenge for years to come (â€Å"FAQ: West Nile Virus,† par. 3). That is the troubling account of Dr. Lyle Peterson, specialist in the field of infectious diseaseRead MorePharmacy Department : Pharmacist And Community1334 Words   |  6 Pages It is an emerging mosquito-borne virus which was first recognized in 1947 in Uganda in rhesus monkeys throughout a yellowish fever monitoring network. During 1952 it was found in humans in Uganda and United Republic of Tanzania. Outbreaks of the virus was noticed in Africa, Asia and America. †¢ Genre: Flavivirus †¢ Vector: Aedes mosquitoes (that frequently bite in the morning and during late afternoon) †¢ the reservoir is unknown What is Zika Virus? The disease (Zika) is caused by ZikaRead MoreClimate Change and the Rise of Infectious Disease in Developing Countries3110 Words   |  13 PagesHer infection began when she was bitten by a mosquito which was seeking her protein-rich blood to nourish its eggs. As part of the process of sucking the droplet of blood from the girl, the mosquito, simultaneously injected saliva to ease the flow of blood into its proboscis. Malaria-causing pathogens gathered in the mosquito’s salivary glands and traveled into the girl’s body. Once in the body, the wormlike parasites moved to the girl’s liver to embed themselves allowing them to feed and multiplyRead MoreCholera Essay1847 Words   |  8 Pages Cholera Cholera is an infectious disease cause by bacteria that affects the absorption of water in the small intestine. Sever cases cause violent diarrhoea. It is the huge amount of fluid loss, which makes cholera so dangerous. If the fluid is not replaced the body becomes dehydrated and you could die within twenty-four hours. Treatment of cholera is simple; replace the fluid lost with the right mixture of sugar and salts. Water alone is not very well absorbed. If itRead MoreHuman Infectuous Disease1262 Words   |  5 PagesHuman infectious diseases are diseases caused by pathogens, disease causing microorganisms. These diseases can range from mild to fatal and have different modes of transmission and modes of action. It is the potential negative implications of such diseases that has made many of them among the main targets for the World Health Organization. Since the human body does not have B-cells that produce antibodies specific to all types of antigenic pathogens, the body cant fight all types of infectiousRead MoreMalaria As A Vector Borne Disease3199 Words   |  13 PagesMalaria Introduction Malaria is a Vector borne disease that affects millions of people every year. It is responsible for over 600,000 deaths yearly. It has the highest infection rate in countries in Africa, this is due to the climate and health practices. It is carried to humans primarily through mosquitos who transfer between people when they bite them. In this way, the mosquito is the transport between two humans for the disease. The disease is transferred through blood and continues to the liverRead MoreInfection Control Nvq 3 Unit 0.201454 Words   |  6 PagesMRSA. Some diseases caused by bacteria include tuberculosis, pneumonia, salmonella, tetanus and syphilis. Viruses - are extremely small particles made from protein and either DNA or RNA. They are not made up of cells instead they invade the living cells of other organisms and use them to produce many copies of themselves. Viruses are smaller than bacteria and are enclosed in protective coating. This makes it more difficult to kill them. Antibiotics do not kill viruses. Some diseases caused byRead MoreFilariasis, Malaria, Dengue Fever and Lyme Disease3361 Words   |  14 Pageshow these diseases are introduced to human through insects will further be discussed in this paper. This paper will attempt a further analysis on the history, the distribution of the diseases worldwide, and the further impact noted caused by the diseases. Vector could be defined as an organism that does not involve in causing disease itself, but responsible in conveying pathogens from each host to another which in this case; the insects. These diseases can be transmitted to human through variousRead MorePrevention Strategies of Communicable Diseases2781 Words   |  12 PagesPrevention Strategies of Communicable diseases Methods of Control Communicable diseases occur only when the causative agent comes into contact with a susceptible host in a suitable environment. Prevention and control efforts for communicable diseases may be directed to any of these three elements. Communicable diseases affect both individuals and communities, so control efforts may be directed at both. Treatment of persons with communicable diseases with antibiotics typically kills the agent andRead MoreMalari Symptoms And Treatment Of Malaria1619 Words   |  7 Pages Malaria Abera, Obesie Chamberlain College of Nursing NR-281-14161: Pathophysiology I Fall, 2015 Introduction Malaria is a protozoa disease transmitted by the bite of infected Anopheles mosquitoes. It is the most important of the parasitic diseases of humans. Malaria transmission see in 107 countries, and killed more than 3 million people each year (According to World Health Organization 209 report). Sub-Saharan countries are the most malaria affected area in the world. It is transmitted

The Effect of Pollution on Mount Everest Free Essays

Nepal is the small, one of the poorest country of the world. Yet it is very rich in natural resources and scenic beauty including highest ranges of Himalayas. Nepal is the home of the eight highest mountains out often in the world. We will write a custom essay sample on The Effect of Pollution on Mount Everest or any similar topic only for you Order Now Mountaineers, trekkers and skilled professionals regularly visit to scale the Mountains in Nepal, which has increased the number of tourist in Nepal. In the last decade, people’s attraction toward the mountaineering has increased a lot, by which number of climbers visiting Mount Everest has also been increased. Due to the increasing umber of climbers in the Everest, pollution in and around the Everest has increased and it needs a special attention to prevent from the pollution. Everest attracts people of all around the world. In the past only few climbers who know well about the mountains used to come but today most of the interested people who have enough economic sources visit Himalayas to climb the mountain. According to Norbu Sherpa, a mountain tourist guide, people come to climb Everest as they want to be famous scaling the tallest mountain in the world (Wawahare). In the early 2000s the number f tourist arriving to Nepal was around 400,000 but in last two years people flowing to Nepal has increased rapidly reaching around 900,000 nearly triple of starting 2000s as per the statistics given by the Nepal Tourism Statistics in 2012 (Ministry of Culture, Tourism and Civil Aviation ). As the numbers of climbers has increased, pollution in the highest portion of the peaks has been increased. Pollution in the Everest includes foods, plastics, cans, gas tanks, papers, climber’s equipment, human excreta, and also dead bodies of climbers. According to Norbu Sherpa in the article, â€Å"A Conversation with: Mountain Guide Norbu Sherpa†, if the flow of the climbers is frequent, more and more waste is created (Wawahare). The article â€Å"Everest Maxed Out† published on June 2013 in National Geographic Magazine by Mark Jenkins provides information about his climbing on Everest and the flow of climbers he saw near camp Ill and pollution in the Everest. Jenkins says, â€Å"The two standard routes, the Northeast Ridge and the Southeast Ridge, are not only dangerously crowded but also disgustingly polluted, with garbage leaking out of the glaciers and pyramids of human excrement befouling the high camps. And then there are the deaths. † Pollution due to death of climbers happens especially due to certain change in weather and climbers who is less experienced or trained. Despite of being polluted, Everest fascinates and attracts the climbers toward it every year. As the increasing numbers of trekkers and climbers in the Everest has led to the pollution, government should try to clean up all the wastes in the Everest utilizing the revenue they had earned from the tourism industry. Norbu says, the government earnings through tourism has not been utilize in mountains nor for benefit of Sherpas (Wawahare). Government should make strict rules and laws to punish the people who makes pollution in the Everest. If the Climbers did not bring back their all used equipment’s and the trash from Everest they should lose their deposit money and Sherpas should be rewarded if they brought wastes to the lower base of Everest. And also government, mountaineering agencies should limit the number of people climbing the mountain in every season or month which will not only helps to control pollution but also maintains the traffic Jams in Everest. A climbers, guides and Sherpas should be provided trainings to handle the severe eather condition in mountain so that deaths in the mountains decrease. Decreasing the number of deaths and limiting the number of climbers on Everest pollution will be controlled and also government needs to be aware about the pollution on Everest and utilize their revenue for reducing pollution in mountains. Everest is one of the main factor that world recognizes Nepal, so every concerned individual as well as government and agencies should control pollution. Controlling pollution it will not only preserve the beauty of Everest but also more people can have the glory to scale the Everest in future. How to cite The Effect of Pollution on Mount Everest, Papers

Communication and Feedback in Organizationsâ€Myassignmenthelp.Com

Question: What Is the Role of Communication and Feedback in Organizations? Answer: Introduction Communication and Feedback required for successful management. To survive in the operating market, it is important for every organization to manage its business effectively. Management of the organization has become a concept of focus in the management literature. By effective management, organizations are also able to implement effective change in the business operations whenever it is required. But, there are many researchers who have found that there are organizational programs do not reach to the results due to the lack of effective communication and feedback process in the organization. Poorly managed communication in the organization is the cause of rumors and resistance among the employees (Robbins, 2003). So, communication and feedback can be considered to be the important part of the organization for managing the organization effectively. This essay demonstrates the role and importance of the communication and feedback in the business for managing the organization effectively. The studies revealed that the communication has positive cor relation with the many positive organizational results such as organizational performance, commitment, job satisfaction and the organizational citizenship behavior. Failure in the communication can be the cause of various functionless results i.e. low trust, stress, job dissatisfaction, absence, severance intension, and decrease in the organizational commitment (Tripathi Reddy, 2012). Organizational communication Now, effective and meaningful communication provides information to the employees at the levels of their job roles and motivates them to adopt the innovative business strategies. It is important that there should be the positive attitude among the employees towards managing the organization. Meaningful communication needs the cognitive organizational reorientation to manage the organizational strategies. According to Mckinney Smith (2004), communication is an important part which impacts the performance of the team in the organization. The organization which understands the importance of the communication is able to manage the daily operations of the business (Pauley, 2010). The communication process in the organization coordinate the factors of the production and human elements for the effective network change. There is the need of effective communication every organization with the new technology that would increase organizational performance (Key ton, 2011). The communication pro cess includes seven steps in the organization i.e. message, encoding, transmitting, receiving, decoding understanding and feedback. Communication in the organization is not a simple task. The communication process within an organization is described below in the figure. Figure 1: Communication Process (Source: Pauley, 2010) Communication in the organization- Based on the research done by Banihashemi (2011), the various channels of the communication are the most effective way to build the relationship with the employees in the organization. So, communication is the basic part for developing the structure of the organization. Communication is the key factor in the organization to maintain the coordination in the various activities at different level in the organization. Now, the communication in the organization can be upward, downward and horizontal. The process of communication is important for the organization to manage the basic functions of the business i.e. organizing, planning, controlling and leading. Communication is also helpful in managing the responsibilities by the managers (Rajhans, 2012). The role of the communication in the business is described below: Communication serves as the motivation by providing information and clarifying the employees about the job roles and the ways to perform the job. Communication process is important to improve the performance of the employees within the organization. Further, communication is basically spreads the information among the organizational members. Communication is also important for the successful decision making process as it is helpful in identifying the alternative course of actions. Communication is helpful in controlling process within the organization. In the organization, there are many levels of hierarchy and various guidelines and principles that should be followed by the employees. Employees should fulfill the organizational policies to perform the tasks effectively. They must communicate the work problems and accusation with the senior management. Thus, communication is helpful in managing the various functions of management (Goris, 2007). Example There are many top companies which are using effective communication process to manage their business process. The famous company Ford uses a number of communication tools to connect people with the business. In the business operations of Ford, communication is most challenging but visual tool. Ford uses bulletins, tools and exclusive newspaper and newsletters. There is the internal newsletter of the company @Ford which is translated in various languages. The communication tool makes sure that the provided messages always stay in peoples mind (Tanwar, 2015). Feedback and its role There are many people in the organization who suffer from the lack of performance feedback. Feedback is the most powerful and most under used management tool which are used by the organization to motivate the employees. Feedback is helpful in bringing the people on track in their job roles. It has effective skills to satisfy the employees and improve their productivity in the organization. By getting positive feedbacks, employees in the organization feel involved and identified. Basically, feedback takes place when an environment reacts on some behavior or action. For instance, it can be related to customers feedback for the companys product, policy or service or it can be employees performance feedback given by the manager for the performance of the employees. Feedback can be both positive and negative. To make important decision in the business operations, feedback can be the valuable information. Top performing companies are able to get higher position in the market because they a re continuously seeking for the ways to make their better to best. The main focus of these companies by the feedback are on the various parts i.e. employees, clients, suppliers, customers, stakeholders and vendors. Effective feedback are beneficial for everyone i.e. for the receiver, giver, and for the organization. There are some reasons which prove that feedback is very important in organization (D'hoedt Bouckaert, 2011). Feedback can take place all the time i.e. at the time of employee survey, training evaluation, and performance appraisal. At every time, a person can say to the person, customer, employee, vendor etc. Basically, people communicate feedback in the organization. Feedback has the ability to motivate the employees to perform better in the job role. By getting feedback on the performance, they feel appreciated and valued within the organization. The feedback from the suppliers, clients, customers, stakeholders and vendors, employees can be motivated to build up better working relations in the society. Further, feedback can be effective tool in improving and managing the organizational activities and operations. Continuous feedback is crucial for the entire organization for creating strategies; developing products, stay connected with the goals, improving relationship, improving services and much more. Sometimes, feedback is considered as the criticism and negative criticism is not good for organization. But the best and positive feedback can be helpful in formulating and taking better decisions to increase and improve the performance of the organization. Now, there are many researchers who have stated that the feedback is the important part of the communication. It is the link or component in the communication cycle as it indicates the successful spread of the message. So, effective feedback is interactive, active and able to improve the performance of organization. Feedback can be time consuming, difficult and repetitious when the performance of the organization and its employees is poor. Feedback has the most positive impact in the organization. To maintain the good working relationship between the organization and staff, Feedback is important. The importance of building relationship is based on the trust, collaboration and mutual respect. There is the process in obtaining useful feedback in the organization. Figure 2: Feedback process (Source: Torokoff Mets, 2005) There are three steps in the feedback process i.e. organization of observation and feedback, content and delivery feedback and use of feedback in learning process. So, it is clear that the various feedbacks are very helpful in improving the performance of the organization and managing the organizational activities (Torokoff Mets, 2005). Example Feedback process is used by the company PepsiCo which is the second largest food and Beverage Company. The company is using 360 feedback programs to maintain its leadership population in the global market. To improve leadership, the company has adopted four programs i.e. 360 processes, an employee survey, upward feedback process and a personality instrument. These four processes are important to work together in the company. Conclusion This essay describes the importance of feedback and communication in managing the organization effectively. From the above discussion, it is observed that communication and feedback can be considered to be the important part of the organization for managing the organization effectively. Communication is an important tool part of the organizational activities as there should be the positive attitude among the employees towards managing the organization. There is the need of effective communication every organization with the new technology that would increase organizational performance. The process of communication is important for the organization to manage the various activities of the organizations to improve the reputation in organization. Now, in terms of feedback, it is observed that feedback is helpful to guiding the people so that they can do the best in their job roles by motivating and energizing them. To make important decision in the business operations, feedback can be th e valuable information. Thus, it can be said that feedback and the communication process is important to manage the organization as they motivate the people of the organizations to perform bets in their job role. References D'hoedt, B., Bouckaert, G., (2011), Performance auditing Een inleiding, Leuven: KU Leuven Goris, J. R., (2007), Effects of satisfaction with communication on the relationship between individual job congruence and job performance/satisfaction: Journal of Management Development, 26(8), 737752 Key ton, J., (2011), Communication and organizational culture: A key to understanding work experience, Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage Pauley, J. A., (2010), Communication: The key to effective leadership, Milwaukee, WI: ASQ Quality Press Rajhans, K., (2012), Effective Organizational Communication: a Key to Employee Motivation and Performance: Inter-science Management Review, 2 (2), 81-85 Robbins, S. P., (2003), Organizational Behavior, (10th), New Jersy: Prentice Hall Tanwar, S., (2015), How effective communication can take companies to great heights, accessed on 8th May 2017 from https://www.rediff.com/money/report/how-effective-communication-can-take-companies-to-great-heights/20151123.htm Torokoff, M., Mets, T., (2005), The Learning Organisation and Learning in the Organisation: The Concept for Improving the Labour Quality in a School: Management of Organisation: Systematic Research, 35, pp 203-216 Tripathi, P. C., Reddy, P. N., (2012), Principles of Management, New Delhi: The McGram-Hill Company

Organisational Sustainability

Introduction The past two decades have been characterised by an unprecedented rate of globalisation, technological developments, and competition, which have led to a remarkable revolution within and across organisations.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Organisational Sustainability specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Despite the changes arising from the macro environment, businesses have to maximise their level of profitability. This assertion highlights the need for organisations to develop sustainability, which entails balancing environmental, social, and economic factors that might affect an organisation’s long-term performance. Devinney (2009) emphasises that sustainability has become one of the most important management agendas in organisations’ operations. However, one of the major challenges faced by organisations in their quest to achieve sustainability relates to climate change. The aspect of climate change is quickly becoming an integral part of business operations, especially in the wake of global warming. Governments are increasing pressure on organisations to control their greenhouse gases emissions (GHG). For example, Russia ratified the Kyoto treaty in 2004 (Hoffman 2005). In a bid to eliminate intervention from the government and other regulatory agencies, it is imperative for organisations to formulate effective climate change strategies. Orlitzky et al. (2003) suggest that the long-term performance of business is influenced by the strategies set on market and nonmarket environments.Advertising Looking for essay on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More This paper evaluates two main aspects, viz. the role of HR in enhancing organisational sustainability in a large supermarket chain and an evaluation of climate change strategy in Toll Holdings. Sustainability and human resource management A str ong relationship exists between organisational sustainability and the stakeholder theory. In the course of their operation, businesses have a responsibility to satisfy the interest of various internal and external stakeholders such as employees, shareholders, customers, the public, and the regulatory agencies. In a bid to achieve organisational sustainability, it is imperative for businesses to ensure that the needs of external shareholders are met satisfactorily. Human resource management can aid an organisation in achieving organisational sustainability in a number of ways as evaluated herein. First, an organisation can utilise its HRM tools, skills, and knowledge to entrench organisational strategy through partnering, engaging, and aligning. Businesses influence the society in which they operate in either a positive or a negative manner. Porter and Kramer (2011) are of the opinion that an organisation has to create a set of effective share values between the society and the firm in order to enhance organisational performance. In the quest to enhance their long-term success, it is imperative for firms to collaborate with the society, which can be achieved by formulating a comprehensive Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR). Cohen (2010) asserts, â€Å"The Human Resource (HR) function is the key partner in embedding corporate social responsibility and sustainability initiative in any organisation† (p.34).Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Organisational Sustainability specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More As one of the leading supermarket chains in the world, Wal-Mart is committed towards achieving organisational sustainability by enhancing its CSR. One of the areas that the firm has focused on relates to environmental pollution. The firm has formulated a policy that will result in reduction in the volume of plastic shopping bag wastes in all its outlets. The firm intends to achieve this goal by incorporating reusable bags. Consequently, the firm will minimise environmental pollution. Moreover, the firm ensures that it does not engage in activities that can result in overexploitation of natural resources, which is a critical element in positioning a firm as a socially sustainable company (Dyllick Hockerts 2002). In addition to environmental sustainability, Wal-Mart and Sam’s Club are committed towards providing customers with high-quality products. In a bid to achieve this goal, the firms ensure that their employees understand the organisations’ vision and mission. Moreover, the firms are very concerned about understanding the employees’ interests. Thus, the firms’ HR managers are in a position to collaborate with the employees. Developing a high level of engagement with external and internal stakeholders is another strategy that HR managers can adopt in their quest to embed sustainability. Wal-Mart has integrated a number of engagement policies with various external stakeholders such as the Live Greener Working Group [LGWG] and environmentalists.Advertising Looking for essay on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More This collaboration assists the firm in understanding various issues such as poverty and resource degradation; hence, improving the effectiveness with which it undertakes managerial functions such as planning, organising, staffing, control, and directing. The well-being of an organisation’s human capital is a key determinant in achieving organisational sustainability (Pfeffer 2010). Littig and Griessler (2005) posit that HRM can enhance organisational sustainability by enhancing its ability to develop a strong workforce. Thus, effective employee selection strategy is vital. Some of the elements that should be considered in the selection process include teamwork and collaboration skills. Moreover, it is fundamental for the HR manager to select employees who are characterised by a high degree of fit with the organisation. Employee training and development is another major contribution of HRM in enhancing organisational sustainability. Training employees contribute towards the de velopment of a high degree of understanding and commitment of an organisation’s sustainability goals and values amongst the employees. This aspect increases the degree of employee commitment and alignment towards the set organisational values hence improving organisational performance, as the employees have adequate understanding of their job roles. In 2010, Wal-Mart formulated personal sustainability project through which it trained 1.3 million of its associates on sustainability. The training program has aided Wal-Mart in improving the associates’ morale and productivity. In a bid to improve the employees’ capability successfully, it is imperative for an organisation to ensure that the training process is continuous. Formulating and implementing a comprehensive employee training and development program can improve the degree of organisational identification. The training and development program improves the employees’ perception with regard to the contr ibution of the organisation in their career path. This aspect reduces the rate of employee turnover, hence increasing the likelihood of achieving economic sustainability. Pfeffer (2010) emphasises that job satisfaction minimises the rate of employee turnover. Therefore, the likelihood of the organisation developing a strong financial base increases. Providing adequate managerial support and communication is another way through which an organisation can enhance organisational sustainability. Nurturing an effective internal communication system is fundamental in enhancing development of sustainability behaviours amongst employees. This goal is achievable via ensuring that employees are adequately informed about various issues affecting the organisation by integrating company-wide internal communication campaigns. Frequent and effective communication between the top and the lower level of management assists employees in connecting with sustainability values. An effective internal commu nication system will not only ensure that employees understand their roles, but it will also improve information and knowledge sharing amongst employees. ASDA, which is a well-established retail chain in the UK, has developed an all-round internal communication system in its quest to sustain a high level of collaboration with its ‘colleagues’. Sustainable leadership strategy should also be incorporated in an organisation’s effort to connect its employees with the organisational vision and purpose. Moreover, it is also important for an organisation’s management team to ensure that the employees are concerned with agility, which can be achieved by preparing employees for any change that might emanate from the external environment. Climate change strategy; Toll Holdings Sources of greenhouse gas emissions in Toll Holdings Climate change is one of the major challenges faced in the modern society. Its occurrence has diverse impacts on individuals, businesses, a nd the society. Firms that ignore the element of climate change do so at their own peril. Consequently, it has become a key concern of various stakeholders, including businesses. Hoffman (2005) is of the opinion that organisations have a responsibility to ensure that their actions do not contribute to increment in the rate of climate change. Consequently, it is imperative for organisations to incorporate optimal climate change strategies. Businesses emit a substantial amount of greenhouse gases into the atmosphere, which stands out as one of the major factors contributing to climate change. This aspect explains the rationale behind the need for organisations to integrate strategies that will lead to reduction in greenhouse gas emissions. Emission from vehicles and other modes of transport is one of the major sources of GHGs. Toll Holdings operates as a transport and logistics firm. The firm developed an efficient road, air, rail, and ocean network that aid it in offering effective l ogistic services across the world. By offering transportation services through this mechanism, the firm emits a substantial amount of GHG to the atmosphere. Therefore, one can assert that the major sources of greenhouse gas emissions in Toll Holdings are its fleet of airplanes, trucks, trains, and ships. Toll Holdings climate change strategy Hoffman (2005) asserts that an organisation can utilise various strategies in order to minimise its impact on climate change. Some of the strategies being adopted include trading in carbon credits and altering the firm’s operational processes. Toll Holdings is cognisant of its impact on climate change. Consequently, the firm has incorporated the concept of environmental sustainability. The Toll’s management team is committed towards reducing the firm’s impact on the environmental footprint. The firm has adopted a number of voluntary greenhouse gas-reduction strategies in this regard. The first strategy entails adjusting its operations into being cleaner and greener. The firm is in the process of incorporating new practices and technologies in its operational strategies, which will aid in reducing the volume of GHGs emitted. For example, the new technologies will let the firm shift from utilising non-renewable sources of energy such as petroleum-based fuels into using renewable energies such as electricity. The firm is in the process of evaluating how it can incorporate other viable types of green energy. Incorporating green forms of energy will aid the firm in transforming its operational strategy into more sustainable logistics (Toll Holdings 2013). In its quest to position itself as an environmentally sustainable organisation, the firm has adopted Smarter Green Program. The program aids the firm in responding to its negative impact on the environment. Moreover, the firm has incorporated a number of performance measurement initiatives in an effort to assess its progress with regard to greenhouse gas e missions. The firm’s smarter green initiative is comprised of six main aspects, which include smarter driving, smarter vehicles, smarter planning, smarter facilities, smarter fuel efficiency, and smarter energy (Toll Holdings 2013). Current and emerging climate change threats and opportunities Climate change is a major business issue that organisations have to integrate in their operations. It presents a set of risks and opportunities that entrepreneurs and firms’ management teams should take into account. One major threat that Toll faces due to climate change relates to the occurrence of floods across its distributional networks. Climate change is one of the major factors increasing the occurrences of floods. For example, global warming increases the likelihood of snow melting hence the rise in the volume of water in major waterways. Such an occurrence may affect major transport gateways, hence limiting the firm’s effectiveness in its distributional efficiency. As a result, the firm’s competitiveness may be affected (McKibben 2012). The occurrence of natural phenomena such as storms due to climate change presents a major threat to Toll Holdings, as the firm cannot be in a position to quantify the financial impact of possible damage. Consequently, the likelihood of the firm incorporating an effective risk management strategy such as mitigation and risk transfer, for example through insurance is reduced. Moreover, the firm cannot be in a comfortable position to avoid the risk. The firm’s degree of exposure to risks associated with climate change such as storms may adversely affect its attractiveness amongst investors. Consequently, the competitiveness of the firm in the international market might reduce. Moreover, the occurrence of a high rate of climate change in areas where the firm operates may lead to an increment in carbon tax levied against companies. Such a strategy may be adopted in an effort to push companies to minim ise their greenhouse gas emissions. Ultimately, the firm’s level of profitability might be affected (Hoffman, 2005). Despite the above threats, climate change can assist Toll Holdings achieve optimal long-term positioning. For example, the firm can adjust its operational processes in such a way that it aligns its operations to the prevailing needs (Kiron et al. 2012). This move will culminate in improvement in the company’s public image and reputation amongst investors, lenders, regulators, and insurers. Incorporating strategies such as green energy may aid the firm in attracting investors. Climate change also presents Toll with an opportunity to improve its risk management strategies. For example, the firm can insure itself against such occurrences (Hoffman 2005) Recommendations on Toll’s climate change strategy Toll Holdings should consider the most effective climate change-management strategies. Some of the strategies that the firm can integrate include Inco rporating a carbon footprint trading policy- The trading policy will assist Toll Holdings in improving its commitment to reduce the occurrence of climate change. Toll Holdings should adjust its operational processes by integrating various forms of renewable energy. Some of the forms of energy that the firm should include bio-fuel, nuclear energy, and electric power. Conclusion The paper shows that firms can integrate a number of aspects in order to achieve organisational sustainability. Some of these issues relate to improving the firm’s HRM strategies and integrating climate change strategies. In summary, firms should focus on three main facets of sustainability, which include environmental, economic, and social aspects. These aspects will stimulate the firm’s ability to achieve sustainable development. Reference List Cohen, E 2010, CSR for HR: A necessary partnership for advancing responsible business practices, Greenleaf, Sheffield. Devinney, T 2009, ‘Is the socially responsible corporation a myth? The good, the bad, and the ugly of corporate social responsibility’, Academy of Management Perspectives, vol. 23 no. 2, pp. 44-56. Dyllick, T Hockerts, K 2002, ‘Beyond the business case for corporate sustainability’, Business Strategy and the Environment, vol. 11 no.2, pp. 130-141. Hoffman, A 2005, ‘Climate change strategy: The business logic behind voluntary greenhouse gas reductions’, California Management Review, vol. 47 no.3, pp. 21-46. Kiron, D, Kruschwitz, N, Haanaes, K Von-Streng-Velken, I 2012, ‘Sustainability Nears a tipping point’, MIT Sloan Management Review, vol. 53 no. 2, pp.69-74. Littig, B Griessler, E 2005, ‘Social sustainability: A Catchword between political pragmatism and social theory’, International Journal of Sustainable Development, vol. 8 no. 1, pp. 65-79. McKibben, B 2012, The Reckoning; rolling stone. Web. Pfeffer, J 2010, ‘Building sustainable organ isations: The human factor’, Academy of Management Perspectives, vol. 24 no.1, pp. 34-45. Porter, M Kramer, M 2011, ‘Creating shared value’, Harvard Business Review, vol. 89 no.2, pp. 62-77. Orlitzky, M, Schmidt, F Rynes, S 2003) ‘Corporate Social and Financial Performance: A Meta- Analysis’, Organisation Studies, vol.24 no.3, pp.403-41. Toll Holdings: Corporate social responsibility 2013. Web. This essay on Organisational Sustainability was written and submitted by user Pedro Green to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

Colonialism and freedom struggle in India The WritePass Journal

Colonialism and freedom struggle in India Colonialism and freedom struggle in India Introduction:Ottoman Caliphate:Goals:Effects:Mobilization Capacity of Islam:Extra-territorial Attachments:Concept of Ummah:The Institution of Khilafat:The Balkan wars:Dimensions:Protests in India:The Rowlett Act 1919:The Jallianwala Bagh Incident, April 1919:The Non-Cooperation:The Khilafat Conference-  Karachi- July 1921:The Hijrat Movement 1920-21:The Moplah Revolt-at Malabar Coast-   Kalicut:The Increase in Violence 1921:The Developments in  Turkey:Conclusions:Related Introduction: Khilafat Movement (1919-24) was a religious-political campaign launched by the Muslims for having possession of the Ottoman Caliphate or Khilafat-e-Usmania and for not letting the Muslim holy places go under the control of the Non-Muslims. ‘Khalifa’ is an Arabic word derived from the root ‘Khalafa’ which means ‘to follow’ or ‘to come after’. During the 1st  World War  Turkey supported Germany as the country was facing massive problems. But Germany started losing its territory and so does Turkey. Turkey  had lost most of its territory in 1918 by the end of the 1st World War. During that time the main dilemma was how the allied powers would treat  Turkey, the  Ottoman Empire  or the Khilafat-e-usmania as most of its territory had been occupied in this Movement. Turkeybeing a Muslim country, the Indian Muslims realized their religious duty to help them. The other reason for supporting them was that the Indian Muslims considered Ottoman Caliphate a symbol of unity of the Muslim world as Ummah. Ottoman Caliphate: ‘Caliph’ is an Arabic word which means â€Å"a successor† or â€Å"a representative† which emphasizes religious authority for the head of state. The Islamic system of governance in which the state rules under Islamic law is known as Caliphate. To protect the Ottoman Empire from the Western countries and to overcome the Western democratic opposition inTurkey, Ottoman emperor Abdul Hamid II had launched a Pan Islamic program. This program expressed religious passion and sympathy amongst Indian Muslims. Goals: Following were the goals of the Movement:- Ottoman Caliphate should be kept secured. Turkey’s territorial harmony should be preserved. Not letting the Muslim holy places go under the control of the Non-Muslims. Effects: InIndia, this was the first religious-political Movement which gathered the common man. The Indian Muslims demanded certain safeguards from the British and they started interacting with the other communities and the Congress Party. But during that time from 1906 to 1919 politics was restricted to only educated people and also people who had enough money to spare the money involved in the politics. However it was due to Khilafat Movement where common man gathered or the ordinary Muslims were involved, people were on streets protesting. This was the 1st Movement inIndia to get common people involved in the politics. Mobilization Capacity of Islam: Khilafat Movement also showed the mobilization capacity of the Islam amongst the Muslims. It also conveyed how Islam and Islamic institutions are precious to the Indian Muslims. Thus it clearly indicated that Islam had had a lot of mobilization capacity and appeal for the common man inIndiaand elsewhere. Extra-territorial Attachments: Another characteristic of this movement is that it points out the extra-territorial attachment of the Muslims of India based on Islam. The meaning of extra-territorial is that people feel attached to a certain institutions, ideologies, beliefs that may be beyond the territorial boundaries of their own countries. And these extra-territorial attachments have always been very strong in Muslims which are based on Islam.    Concept of Ummah: The concept of Ummah is that Muslims residing in any part of the World belongs to an ideological brotherhood of Islam. It is a community based on the beliefs, teachings and principles of Islam. And therefore the concept of Ummah had a lot of Muslims coming forward during the Khilafat Movement. The Institution of Khilafat: The Indian Muslims paid much more attention to Khilafat-e-Usmania whose primary seat was inTurkeywhich had continuity from the original institution of Khilafat in Islam. Institution of Khilafat was the second aspect which created extra-territorial sentiments amongst the Muslims.    The Balkan wars: If you go back in the history to 1911-12 you will find the Balkan Wars. This war clearly signifies the strong sentiments of the Indian Muslims for other countries. During that period there was a war between Turkey and Italy and Italy was also attackingLibya.Turkeywas facing massive problems therefore the Indian Muslims sent medical delegation to provide medical assistance to the people affected by war. And now the Indian Muslims in 1919 are showing the same sentiments on the bases of Ummah. Therefore there were a lot of emotions and a lot of support for the possession of Khilafat Movement. These were some of the reasons why Khilafat Movement is so important. Dimensions: The writers and poets in Indiawere focusing on themes such as the generation and the decline of the Muslims, this all happened during the first three decades of the 20th century. And their writings clearly portray the feelings for the preservation of Khilafat and the possession of the Muslims holy places. The key role was played by the journalism which steer the direction of the struggle. There were many other themes by the writers and the poets which shaped the movement and recovered the problems faced by them. Zamindar of Zafar Ali Khan, Comrade and Hamdard of Maulana Muhammad Ali Jauhar, and Al-Hilal of Maulana Abul Kalam Azad etc. were the prominent newspapers and magazines which performed their duties to express their hatred. When these newspaper and magazines were pleading the cause of the Muslims, the Allies imposed humiliating terms on vanquished  Turkey. After the 1st World War ended,Turkey had lost many of its territories, it was in this context the Indian Muslims started a movement that is known as the Khilafat Movement. Protests in India: All India Khilafat Committee was formed at Bombay now known as Mumbai in July 1919 which shaped the activities of the Muslims regarding the Khilafat Movement. Their first Khilafat Committee conference was held in Delhiin 1919 where they used to discuss the issues occurring in the movement. In the first conference Congress leaders like Gandhi and Nehru also participated. It was due to Congress participation, the other major political parties join hands to assault the injustice with the Muslim community. Following were the steps announced: No Participation in Victory Celebrations: This was the first step taken by the participants of this Conference. As the British and the Allies had won the 1st World War they were celebrating their victory everywhere,India being a part of theBritish Empire was on the British’s side. So they decided in the Conference to boycott the victory celebration to show anger on the state of affairs and to express their point in more affective way. Boycotting British Goods: The second step which they took is to boycott British goods, the purpose of doing this was to affect their economy. By adopting this British economy would drop drastically. Non-Cooperation with the Government: This was the third step which they took during that time, the purpose of this was not at this stage but at the later stage they may also launch Non-Cooperation Movement. The second Khilafat Conference which was an important one was held inAmritsarin December 1919. All the major political parties participated in this but the highlight of this Conference was that Maulana Muhammad Ali and Shaukat Ali, who were held behind bars for breaking British law in protest of British policies, also joined the Conference after their release from prison. Without Maulana Muhammad Ali and Shaukat Ali contributions one cannot discuss the Khilafat Movement. They used to work with Congress party and also played a significant role in mobilizing the masses. They were well known as Ali brothers. The Ali brothers with several other leaders went to jail quite a few times due to shape up the Khilafat Movement and lead the Muslims. This procession happened whenever they were released. At the end of the Khilafat Conference the Congress party decided to work together as there were similar problems inIndiawhich all of them were facing. For Muslims the Khilafat Movement was their priority compared to the other issues. Congress thought of combining up with the Muslims as they were also having problems against the British for the possession of theOttoman Empire. Congress and Muslims would have more effective movements together rather than working separately as their aim is to eliminate the British from their country. One of the issues which were faced during that time was Rowlett Act, 1919. The Rowlett Act 1919: This was a kind of black law, whereby the government had the power to arrest anybody they wanted without giving them any legal facility and the right to appeal. This law was meant for any criminal activities which took place, but actually they were intern for the people involved in political activities. This act was protested by both the Hindu and Muslim communities. The Jallianwala Bagh Incident, April 1919: The Jallianwala Bagh was a place inAmritsarwhere many people of different classes and societies came in order to protest against the Rowlett Act. To this protest the British government got extremely agitated and ordered the army to kill everyone present there. The gates were shut and many rounds were fired by the British. This massacre was one of the greatest tragedies thatIndiasaw. This allowed different political parties to challenge the British authority. The Non-Cooperation: In the December of 1920 the famous Congress session was held atNagpurby Congress leader Mahatma Gandhi. Here Gandhi adopted the non-violent and non-cooperation movement. The first movement adopted by Gandhi was the non-cooperation movement and subsequently a couple of other movements were launched. The general agreement was that: People with British titles to their names had to return those titles, for example Sir which was given to the Indians had to be returned. The educational institutions and courts had to be boycotted. Anyone whose job was under the British people had to resign. Taxes should not be paid to the British Government. People resigning from military and police jobs would be decided at a later stage. This was not launched but could be thought about later on. The Khilafat Conference-  Karachi- July 1921: In July 1921, the Khilafat conference was held atKarachiwhere there were mainly Muslim participants who expressed their loyalties towards the Turkish Sultan and the Khilafat. At that time they had been removed from their territory by the British powers. To dislodge foreign forces from the mainland they welcomed the efforts of the Ataturk. At that time the Ataturk was taking various steps to remove the foreign forces from their mainland ofTurkey. They felt that something new needed to be encouraged. The Hijrat Movement 1920-21: The main reason of why the Hijrat movement took place was that the Indian Ulama or religious leaders thought ofIndiaas ‘Darul Harab’ where the Muslims were not safe. A certain place or a country where the Muslims are not allowed to perform their religious practices and activities is known as a ‘Darul Harab’. The Muslim heads (Ulama) said that the Muslims should move to the nearest safe place that was from ‘Darul Harab’ to ‘Darul Islam’. This caused a panic amongst the Muslims in India and as suggested the nearest ‘Darul Islam’ was Afghanistan which was Hijrat. A very large number of lower class people of society left India either on foot or with the help of bullock carts as the routes to Afghanistan were not developed. The properties were sold at very cheap rates as they were moving from their place to a place in search of Islam; a large scale of migration of people was seen. At first the Indians were welcomed. Later on the border was closed as the increase in the number of people could not be sustained due to Afghanistan being a poor nation and its own problems it told the Indian migrants to move back to its own country. Due to this there were loss of lives and belongings of several Muslims. Many Muslims died during this mission. Many of the people moved to Russia(Soviet Union) as they had nothing left in India. This was the way in which the Hijrat movement ended as it was all emotion based and not planned based. The End of the Khilafat Movement: This was a movement where the Muslims of British India supported the Ottoman Empire to control their holy places but gradually the movement died out. The first thing which affected the movement was the Moplah revolt in Kalicut. The Moplah Revolt-at Malabar Coast-   Kalicut: The Moplah revolt started in 1921.The descendants of Arab Muslims were called as Moplahs. In the August of 1921 there was a revolt against the Hindu landlords because of their brutal treatment towards them. This wasn’t a religious issue. The Moplahs were suffering by the actions of the landlords so they revolted against them, but the police supported the landlords. This was projected as a Hindu Muslim issue by the local Hindu Unions. Due to this there was a lot of issue against the Muslims. These issues resulted in a bitter relationship amongst the Hindus and Muslims. A negative impact was seen in the Hindu Muslim unity because of the uprising. This was a reason for the end of Khilafat movement. The Increase in Violence 1921: The second reason to why the movement did not last was an increase in Violence. The Non- cooperation movement started by Gandhi was a peaceful and non violent movement. Seeing an increase in violent activities like the Chora Chori incident in Uttar Pradesh, Gandhi decided to end the Non-cooperation movement. This affected the Khilafat movement as Gandhi’s decision to end the Non-cooperation movement was not consulted with Khilafat movement leaders which thus created distrust between the two operative parties. This was another incident which weakened the Khilafat movement. The Developments in  Turkey: This was the third reason to why the Khilafat movement ended. The Ataturk who controlled the military service emerged as leader. The powers of the Sultan were restricted. The chief of the Grand assembly was the Ataturk. Turkey abolished the Khilafat system. The Indian Muslims were fighting made no difference as the leadership had changed. This weakened the Khilafat movement in India. Conclusions: The Hindu Muslim unity phase was extremely short. It was seen that religion was a way to mobilize forces and organize masses. Extra- territorialism was the basis of the start of the movement. The Muslims suffered in the Khilafat movement.